藝文寫字工,雜食。

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真正的致敬是直接致敬!在這個時不時爆出「抄襲門」的時代,大大方方向原作致意,遠勝過遊走於抄襲與致敬之間的模糊地帶。

今年是明格斯(Charles Mingus, 1922-1979)誕生百年,「那些不拐彎的敬意」單元第三篇勢必要以他為主題,介紹他的經典作品如何被喜愛者重新詮釋。

(本站日前發表的明格斯百年紀念文《不平則鳴!百年明格斯》,請點以下連結進入:

直接進入主題〈Goodbye Pork Pie Hat〉,這作品是明格斯為了紀念薩克斯風演奏家Lester ‘The Prez’ Young而寫下的輓歌,曲式上雖使用了藍調的大架構,但在許多細節的經營上,如旋律句法、半音程和聲行進、假性解決…等,在當時都非常前衛,可說是一首「只是照譜演出就已經很困難」的作品,遑論賦予新的詮釋。 有趣的是〈Goodbye Pork Pie Hat〉發表後,很快成為許多音樂人改編的對象,有些甚至是明格斯本人授意的。

我們先聽原曲,這裡挑選的是明格斯本人錄製的其中一個版本,收錄在1959年《Mingus Ah Um》專輯:

Goodbye Pork Pie Hat · Charles Mingus Mingus Ah Um ℗ Originally Released 1959 Sony Music Entertainment Inc.

接下來是Mingus Big Band的1999年版本,這個樂團是明格斯遺孀Sue在他謝世後成立的諸多樂團之一,成軍目標即是不斷演出明格斯的音樂,這裡的〈Goodbye Pork Pie Hat〉在編曲上已有些許不同,畢竟樂團編制較原本的六重奏大了許多,可以做出比較豐富的聲響來,但在整體風格上與原作相去不遠:

Goodbye Pork Pie Hat · Mingus Big Band Blues & Politics ℗ 1999 Francis Dreyfus Music SARL, a BMG Company

接下來這版本是兩位英國民謠吉他手Bert Jansch與John Renbourn在1966年的跨界版本,可以明顯聽到原作中複雜的和聲行進,著實讓這兩位吉他手掙扎了一下(爵士樂手的「藍調」還是跟原始的藍調不太一樣,這事有機會可以再聊…..),事實上,這兩位在後續各自嘗試的版本中,都試著將和聲語彙做了某些程度的簡化,並加入更多的民謠元素,但我認為這個首度嘗試的版本最有味道!

Goodbye Pork Pie Hat (2015 – Remaster) · Bert Jansch · John Renbourn Bert & John ℗ 2015 Sanctuary Records Group Ltd., a BMG Company Released on: 1966-01-01

〈Goodbye Pork Pie Hat〉雖以純器樂編制發表,但明格斯謝世前曾邀請Joni Mitchell為它填詞,故事可以在這裡讀到:

除了Joni填的詞,我認為這個版本最特別的地方是她背後那驚為天人的樂隊卡司!次中音薩克斯風手Michael Brecker,吉他手Pat Metheny,鍵盤手Lyle Mays、貝斯手Jaco Pastorius、鼓手Don Alias,能在現場聽到這個版本演出的樂迷,上輩子肯定都燒了好香……

Goodbye Pork Pie Hat (Live Version)  Live with Joni Mitchell, Pastorius, Brecker, Metheny, Alias, Mays

Goodbye Pork Pie Hat

lyrics by Joni Mitchell

When Charlie speaks of Lester
You know someone great has gone
The sweetest swinging music man
Had a Porkie Pig hat on
A bright star
In a dark age
When the bandstands had a thousand ways
Of refusing a black man admission
Black musician
In those days they put him in an
Underdog position
Cellars and chitlins’

When Lester took him a wife
Arm and arm went black and white
And some saw red
And drove them from their hotel bed
Love is never easy
It’s short of the hope we have for happiness
Bright and sweet
Love is never easy street!
Now we are black and white
Embracing out in the lunatic New York night
It’s very unlikely we’ll be driven out of town
Or be hung in a tree
That’s unlikely!

Tonight these crowds
Are happy and loud
Children are up dancing in the streets
In the sticky middle of the night
Summer serenade
Of taxi horns and fun arcades
Where right or wrong
Under neon
Every feeling goes on!
For you and me
The sidewalk is a history book
And a circus
Dangerous clowns
Balancing dreadful and wonderful perceptions
They have been handed
Day by day
Generations on down

We came up from the subway
On the music midnight makes
To Charlie’s bass and Lester’s saxophone
In taxi horns and brakes
Now Charlie’s down in Mexico
With the healers
So the sidewalk leads us with music
To two little dancers
Dancing outside a black bar
There’s a sign up on the awning
It says “Pork Pie Hat Bar"
And there’s black babies dancing
Tonight

© 1978-1979; Crazy Crow Music

——

Joni Mitchell不是唯一一個為〈Goodbye Pork Pie Hat〉填詞的音樂家,爵士怪傑Rahsaan Roland Kirk也為它填了新詞,收錄在1976年的《The Return Of The 5,000 Lb Man》專輯中,下列則是Kevin Mahogany翻唱的版本(因為站長很任性地想要聽 Joe Lovano 的次中音薩克斯風 solo …..)

Goodbye Pork Pie Hat · Kevin Mahogany Another Time Another Place ℗ 1997 Warner Records Inc.
Bass: Ben Wolfe / Drums: Clarence Penn / Piano: Cyrus Chestnut / Guitar: Dave Stryker / Tenor Saxophone: Joe Lovano / Vocals: Kevin Mahogany / Composer: Charles Mingus / Lyricist: Rahsaan Roland Kirk

Goodbye Pork Pie Hat

lyrics by Rahsaan Roland Kirk 

He put all of his soul
Into a tenor saxophone
He had his way a talking
‘T was a language of his own

Life story love and glory
If you listen when he plays it for you
Now listen and listen, and dig it-
Can’t you dig it?
Lester Young is playing what he’s feeling
Dealing and dancing

Now someone might have told you
Lester Young he’s out of style
But now I’m here to tell you
Tell you, Prez is happening right now

Life’s story, love and glory if you listen
When he plays it for you
Now listen, and listen, and dig it
Can’t you dig it?
Lester Young is playing what he’s feeling
Dealing and dancing you home

He put all of his soul
Into a tenor saxophone
He had his way a talking
‘T was a language of his own

Life story love and glory
If you listen when he plays it for you
Now listen and listen, and dig it-
Can’t you dig it?
Lester Young is playing what he’s feeling
Dealing and dancing

Now someone might have told you
Lester Young he’s out of style (out of style)
But now I’m here to tell you
Tell you, Prez is happening right now

Life’s story, love and glory if you listen
When he plays it for you
Now listen, and listen, and dig it
Can’t you dig it?
Lester Young is playing what he’s feeling
Dealing and dancing you home

Well, well, well, well—
Pressed, real Pressed

——

接下來是英國搖滾吉他手Jeff Beck在1976年的版本,改成了Shuffle Rock曲風,收錄在他的《Wired》專輯中,在這現場演出的影像中,可以看到他將手中那把Fender Stratocaster玩到極致,無論是音色變換、點弦、泛音、顫音臂(Whammy Bar)的操作都精準到位,一口氣將〈Goodbye Pork Pie Hat〉帶入搖滾殿堂!

‘Goodbye Pork Pie Hat’ recorded on Jeff Beck 1976 album Wired

在介紹最後一個版本前,先換個口味來到古典音樂的世界,Alex Noppe將〈Goodbye Pork Pie Hat〉改編為銅管五重奏編制,收錄在Mirari Brass Quitet的2012年專輯《SPIRES》中,這個版本或許更接近原作「輓歌」的意境:

Mirari Brass Quintet “Goodbye Pork Pie Hat" – Charles Mingus, arr. Alex Noppe recorded 2012 on “SPIRES"

最後一個是我私心大好的Carla Bley版本,收錄在她的《Big Band Theory》專輯中,由Gary Valente擔任長號獨奏,這裡分享的是1990年JazzFest Berlin現場演出的錄影,〈Goodbye Pork Pie Hat〉在38’43″開始,在將近3分鐘左右的長號獨奏後,樂團約在41’20″加入。

如前所述,〈Goodbye Pork Pie Hat〉在音樂的各方面都很繁複,但Carla Bley是個很懂得極簡美學的作編曲家,沒有多餘的動作,以簡單的樂團Support片段及小過門清楚抓出結構來,妥適地處理好這個作品:

The Very Big Carla Bley Band – JazzFest Berlin 1990

〈Goodbye Pork Pie Hat〉到這裡先告一個段落,這作品其實還有許多不同的改編版本,可惜站長太任性,只願意放自己喜歡的那幾版……

//////////

同場加映:Boogie Stop Shuffle

古典音樂在明格斯的音樂養成中佔了很大比例,他也曾在1972年接受Whitney Museum of American Art委託,創作了一部弦樂四重奏作品,但一如當代學院派古典音樂的新創作品命途多舛,那部作品活過了首演就被束之高閣(直到近年才在歐洲重新演出),反倒是他的〈Boogie Stop Shuffle〉被改編為弦樂四重奏版本演出。

先聽聽Mingus Big Band的版本:

接下來是由荷蘭青年作曲家Max Knigge改編給弦樂四重奏的版本,影片是今(2022)年一月荷蘭的皇家大會堂管弦樂團(Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra)弦樂聲部演奏員在Made In America系列節目分享的預錄演出:

——

本篇彩蛋:明格斯向Charlie Parker致敬的原創作品〈Gunslinging Bird〉

Charles Mingus – Gunslinging Bird

明格斯自己對這個曲名的解釋是:如果Charlie Parker是個狙擊手(gunslinger),就會有一大堆死掉的山寨者(copycat)…. 我只是覺得如果他在那些早期的日子裡是個狙擊手而不是音樂家,就會有很多人被射殺。

想來…..越是重視原創的藝術家,越是無法忍受山寨行為,不管被山寨的是風格或作品。

若明格斯還在世,應該是饒不了「抄襲門」。

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2022年8月25日發表於時安氣象站

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